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From Thrilling Toy to
Important Tool
Like no other invention, the microscope has
unveiled the secrets of nature. The human eye has a
resolution in the order of 100 um (10-4
m), which is about the thickness of a hair. With the
microscope, whole worlds become available, filled
with knowledge that can serve as inspiration to our
fantasy. The exploration of microcosmos has led to
numerous discoveries, without which we would be left
with the limited knowledge our eyes give us.
The development of the conventional microscope at
the end of the 16th century would lead to
a great step forward for science, particularly in
biology and medicine. In the beginning though, the
microscope was mainly a toy in rich homes. But many
important discoveries followed. The first scientific
results based on microscopy dealt with the
circulating blood system and changed our view of the
human body. Scientists have also discovered and
explored life's own building block – the cell.
Different types of bacteria and the following
struggle against diseases, as well as studies of
different materials and their qualities are other
valuable results.
Through ingenious inventions, the limit of what
scientists could reveal from the hidden expanded
continuously during the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries. Finally, at the end of the nineteenth
century physical limits in the form of the wavelength
of light stopped the quest to see further into the
microcosmos. With the theories of quantum physics,
new possibilities appeared – the electron with
its extremely short wavelength could be used as
"light-source" in microscopes with unprecedented
resolution. The first prototype of the electron
microscope was constructed around 1930. In the
following decades, smaller and smaller things could
be studied. Viruses were identified and with
magnifications up to one million, even atoms finally
became visible.
Since photography has developed hand in hand with
different techniques of microscopy, the public has
been able to follow close in the footsteps of
scientists. Pictures of cell division, nerves that
make up the brain and single atoms have changed our
view of the human body and nature itself. Even today
our ability to lurk into nature increases further,
owing to new techniques of microscopy for studying
delicate processes within the cell or the building of
materials atom by atom with nanotechnology.
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